Efficiency of the Russian economy: yield of grain and leguminous crops
The amount of cereals and legumes harvested in centners per hectare in Russia over thirty-five years is shown in this table. It presents totals for all cereals and legumes, as well as individual crops: wheat and rye, to allow for efficiency comparisons. The annual data covers the period from 1990 to 2024, showing how yields have changed over the decades
Graph of cereal and legume yields in Russia from 1990 to 2024
- sugar beet
- Potatoes
- Open-field vegetables
- кормовые корнеплоды (включая сахарную свеклу на корм скоту)
- однолетние травы на зеленый корм
- grain maize
Set in numbers
Rosstat data for 1990–2024. Rows: 26, periods: 35. Breakdown: grain and leguminous crops; wheat; rye; barley; oats and others
Sugar beet: indicator grew from 240 to 391.2 over 1990–2024 — by 63%. Highest value — 504.1 (2023), lowest — 135.2 (1994). This averages 1.45% annual growth. Up to 2007 the change was +23.9%, after — +31.6%. Of the 25 largest rows, 19 increased, 6 declined
All table numbers are series: 26
| Series | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Зерновые и зернобобовые культуры | 19,40 | 15,10 | 18,10 | 17,20 | 15,60 | 13,30 | 15,10 | 18,00 | 13,10 | 14,70 | 15,90 | 19,70 | 20,00 | 18,10 | 18,90 | 18,80 | 19,20 | 20,50 | 24,60 | 23,60 | 19,00 | 23,30 | 19,30 | 23,10 | 25,40 | 25,00 | 27,60 | 31,00 | 27,20 | 28,70 | 31,00 | 28,50 | 36,17 | 33,21 | 29,81 |
| пшеница | 21,00 | 17,30 | 19,70 | 18,50 | 15,70 | 14,20 | 15,80 | 18,80 | 13,90 | 16,10 | 16,50 | 20,90 | 21,20 | 17,40 | 20,10 | 19,70 | 19,90 | 21,70 | 25,40 | 24,10 | 20,00 | 23,50 | 18,70 | 23,40 | 26,60 | 25,20 | 28,40 | 33,20 | 29,10 | 28,90 | 32,20 | 29,10 | 38,21 | 33,77 | 31,17 |
| рожь | 21,00 | 16,50 | 18,50 | 15,80 | 15,70 | 13,20 | 15,00 | 19,20 | 10,20 | 14,80 | 15,90 | 18,80 | 19,20 | 18,80 | 15,40 | 15,60 | 17,20 | 19,30 | 21,20 | 21,10 | 12,30 | 19,90 | 15,20 | 19,40 | 17,50 | 17,20 | 20,30 | 21,50 | 20,70 | 18,20 | 25,30 | 18,10 | 25,72 | 22,50 | 21,65 |
| ячмень | 20,50 | 15,10 | 19,30 | 18,30 | 17,40 | 12,90 | 15,30 | 17,90 | 14,20 | 14,70 | 17,10 | 20,50 | 20,20 | 20,10 | 18,20 | 18,50 | 19,40 | 19,40 | 25,60 | 24,30 | 17,90 | 23,10 | 19,60 | 20,30 | 24,30 | 22,50 | 23,20 | 27,90 | 23,30 | 26,20 | 27,60 | 24,70 | 31,84 | 29,02 | 26,44 |
| овес | 14,80 | 12,10 | 14,50 | 15,30 | 14,30 | 12,20 | 13,90 | 16,20 | 11,80 | 11,40 | 14,90 | 17,20 | 15,70 | 17,00 | 15,10 | 14,40 | 14,70 | 16,40 | 17,30 | 18,30 | 14,90 | 18,60 | 14,70 | 16,90 | 17,60 | 16,60 | 17,80 | 20,30 | 17,90 | 19,40 | 18,40 | 18,10 | 22,45 | 19,47 | 19,83 |
| кукуруза на зерно | 31,40 | 28,70 | 28,60 | 31,70 | 20,40 | 28,80 | 25,80 | 31,40 | 16,70 | 19,60 | 21,90 | 20,00 | 30,00 | 31,80 | 41,80 | 41,00 | 37,00 | 30,60 | 38,50 | 36,70 | 28,90 | 44,70 | 43,50 | 51,90 | 43,90 | 51,40 | 57,50 | 50,00 | 51,60 | 59,30 | 53,20 | 53,90 | 61,20 | 72,40 | 55,22 |
| просо | 12,30 | 6,70 | 9,20 | 8,90 | 6,20 | 9,60 | 6,50 | 12,80 | 8,70 | 9,40 | 8,10 | 8,10 | 8,70 | 13,40 | 11,30 | 10,70 | 9,90 | 11,30 | 13,90 | 10,20 | 8,60 | 14,60 | 10,90 | 12,60 | 12,70 | 13,60 | 15,50 | 12,10 | 11,80 | 12,40 | 10,70 | 14,20 | 16,12 | 16,98 | 11,97 |
| гречиха | 7,40 | 4,70 | 6,80 | 4,80 | 5,00 | 5,00 | 4,90 | 6,90 | 5,80 | 6,10 | 7,10 | 5,40 | 5,40 | 8,20 | 7,40 | 7,20 | 8,00 | 8,30 | 9,00 | 9,40 | 6,10 | 10,00 | 7,90 | 9,60 | 9,50 | 10,00 | 10,80 | 10,30 | 9,70 | 11,00 | 11,60 | 10,30 | 11,72 | 12,69 | 11,92 |
| рис | 32,10 | 30,00 | 30,30 | 27,40 | 29,50 | 28,80 | 24,80 | 23,40 | 30,30 | 27,60 | 35,70 | 35,40 | 38,40 | 31,80 | 38,10 | 42,60 | 43,90 | 45,60 | 46,20 | 51,90 | 53,30 | 51,80 | 55,50 | 50,30 | 54,20 | 56,50 | 53,80 | 54,30 | 59,20 | 58,80 | 59,50 | 59,10 | 55,54 | 59,17 | 62,09 |
| зернобобовые культуры | 15,50 | 8,40 | 14,20 | 15,10 | 14,30 | 10,20 | 13,60 | 14,80 | 11,30 | 10,70 | 14,30 | 18,10 | 16,10 | 15,00 | 16,50 | 15,70 | 16,30 | 14,30 | 19,10 | 17,00 | 14,20 | 17,40 | 13,60 | 12,60 | 15,30 | 16,70 | 18,10 | 21,00 | 13,80 | 16,90 | 19,00 | 19,60 | 20,74 | 21,78 | 15,35 |
| лен-долгунец (волокно) | 3,00 | 3,50 | 3,10 | 3,80 | 4,40 | 4,40 | 4,30 | 2,50 | 4,30 | 3,60 | 5,40 | 5,10 | 4,70 | 6,60 | 5,70 | 6,20 | 6,10 | 7,20 | 7,90 | 8,30 | 8,20 | 8,90 | 9,00 | 8,30 | 9,00 | 9,30 | 9,30 | 9,10 | 8,60 | 8,70 | 8,30 | 6,90 | 7,42 | 6,05 | 7,83 |
| волокно конопли среднерусской | 3,40 | 4,00 | 4,30 | 3,70 | 3,10 | 4,40 | 3,60 | 3,50 | 4,50 | 4,70 | 4,70 | 4,30 | 5,50 | 6,30 | 6,50 | 8,00 | 7,20 | 8,10 | 8,80 | 10,80 | 9,90 | 8,90 | 9,90 | 9,70 | 3,90 | 4,80 | 5,00 | 6,50 | 3,10 | 3,40 | 4,60 | 5,90 | 4,54 | 6,15 | 9,21 |
| сахарная свекла | 240,00 | 178,00 | 192,10 | 198,00 | 135,20 | 188,10 | 174,20 | 185,70 | 152,40 | 185,60 | 188,40 | 199,90 | 220,20 | 227,20 | 279,10 | 287,20 | 331,40 | 297,30 | 367,10 | 327,80 | 243,50 | 392,80 | 414,40 | 445,10 | 371,20 | 389,70 | 471,60 | 443,00 | 382,20 | 479,50 | 371,30 | 414,00 | 485,79 | 504,07 | 391,19 |
| масличные культуры | 12,50 | 10,90 | 10,70 | 9,80 | 8,40 | 10,10 | 8,00 | 8,70 | 8,70 | 8,70 | 9,30 | 8,50 | 10,40 | 10,40 | 10,60 | 12,30 | 11,80 | 11,80 | 12,90 | 12,40 | 10,70 | 13,13 | 12,02 | 13,80 | 12,90 | 13,60 | 14,60 | 14,60 | 15,10 | 16,80 | 15,90 | 15,80 | 17,04 | 18,11 | 16,47 |
| подсолнечник | 13,60 | 11,80 | 11,50 | 9,90 | 8,40 | 10,80 | 8,30 | 8,90 | 8,80 | 8,80 | 9,40 | 8,40 | 10,30 | 10,50 | 10,70 | 12,60 | 12,10 | 12,30 | 13,40 | 12,60 | 10,50 | 13,54 | 13,00 | 15,40 | 14,00 | 15,20 | 16,00 | 15,10 | 16,70 | 19,00 | 16,60 | 16,90 | 18,07 | 18,70 | 17,63 |
| соя | 11,10 | 10,10 | 8,70 | 9,50 | 8,70 | 7,50 | 7,40 | 8,90 | 8,10 | 8,40 | 10,60 | 9,70 | 12,40 | 10,30 | 10,60 | 10,90 | 10,40 | 9,50 | 10,80 | 12,60 | 12,10 | 14,38 | 12,89 | 13,30 | 12,40 | 13,60 | 16,00 | 14,70 | 15,60 | 16,50 | 16,90 | 16,40 | 18,31 | 19,82 | 16,93 |
| горчица | 8,60 | 4,30 | 4,00 | 7,80 | 4,70 | 3,00 | 3,20 | 5,00 | 3,20 | 5,00 | 3,80 | 5,40 | 5,20 | 7,10 | 6,00 | 6,50 | 7,80 | 4,20 | 5,80 | 4,80 | 4,80 | 7,73 | 5,01 | 4,80 | 5,90 | 5,10 | 5,50 | 7,00 | 4,60 | 5,80 | 6,10 | 8,10 | 8,08 | 7,91 | 6,69 |
| рапс озимый | 19,60 | 16,80 | 16,40 | 12,10 | 11,80 | 14,50 | 11,30 | 13,90 | 11,00 | 13,40 | 13,70 | 16,50 | 17,00 | 10,70 | 17,90 | 17,70 | 16,20 | 15,70 | 17,90 | 18,70 | 19,60 | 17,44 | 16,31 | 17,20 | 17,40 | 19,80 | 18,50 | 22,90 | 19,90 | 23,00 | 24,00 | 27,80 | 28,33 | 28,67 | 27,44 |
| рапс яровой | 9,40 | 7,60 | 10,50 | 9,20 | 9,00 | 6,40 | 8,00 | 8,00 | 7,80 | 7,40 | 6,90 | 6,40 | 6,90 | 9,50 | 8,50 | 11,20 | 10,80 | 10,40 | 10,80 | 9,40 | 6,80 | 10,03 | 9,26 | 9,90 | 11,40 | 10,00 | 10,20 | 14,40 | 12,30 | 13,50 | 16,40 | 14,80 | 17,19 | 17,79 | 15,18 |
| Картофель | 90,50 | 95,70 | 93,30 | 90,60 | 83,90 | 103,70 | 100,30 | 98,20 | 105,80 | 103,00 | 104,00 | 109,40 | 109,00 | 131,00 | 137,70 | 155,70 | 181,40 | 174,40 | 198,20 | 194,80 | 136,00 | 196,00 | 181,70 | 197,50 | 207,40 | 233,50 | 226,20 | 258,30 | 255,60 | 283,80 | 271,10 | 264,80 | 278,86 | 316,54 | 289,74 |
| Овощи открытого грунта | 177,70 | 152,60 | 134,10 | 125,20 | 126,90 | 120,70 | 121,00 | 133,20 | 122,80 | 138,31 | 134,41 | 149,80 | 143,40 | 167,27 | 167,37 | 187,69 | 200,80 | 194,77 | 231,10 | 229,10 | 198,90 | 254,20 | 234,10 | 234,20 | 231,10 | 254,40 | 262,20 | 285,70 | 291,60 | 300,30 | 284,60 | 261,90 | 285,76 | 298,78 | 308,40 |
| кормовые корнеплоды (включая сахарную свеклу на корм скоту) | 268,90 | 210,50 | 205,90 | 225,80 | 186,60 | 225,50 | 184,00 | 215,80 | 189,10 | 196,50 | 221,80 | 208,30 | 182,90 | 200,90 | 187,80 | 202,10 | 207,90 | 157,50 | 223,40 | 223,30 | 160,20 | 252,60 | 229,70 | 259,90 | 208,50 | 209,70 | 215,40 | 178,70 | 183,40 | 257,00 | 210,80 | 243,70 | 211,40 | 137,97 | 149,24 |
| однолетние травы на сено | 20,00 | 14,50 | 15,00 | 17,00 | 15,40 | 10,80 | 13,60 | 15,40 | 12,10 | 12,80 | 15,40 | 15,10 | 15,30 | 15,70 | 14,70 | 15,30 | 15,10 | 15,00 | 16,20 | 16,00 | 13,20 | 16,70 | 15,60 | 16,10 | 16,30 | 16,10 | 19,60 | 18,30 | 17,00 | 19,80 | 18,40 | 20,40 | 21,01 | 21,84 | 20,74 |
| однолетние травы на зеленый корм | 102,80 | 86,60 | 87,10 | 94,30 | 84,30 | 67,50 | 73,20 | 75,80 | 62,20 | 63,50 | 75,70 | 78,70 | 72,70 | 75,40 | 76,20 | 76,70 | 79,20 | 77,30 | 80,70 | 84,00 | 62,50 | 79,10 | 64,90 | 70,80 | 70,60 | 73,40 | 76,60 | 85,40 | 76,10 | 80,80 | 79,70 | 70,20 | 84,21 | 78,62 | 88,60 |
| многолетние травы посева прошлых лет на сено | 26,60 | 23,00 | 19,40 | 21,10 | 18,10 | 15,80 | 14,70 | 15,40 | 11,90 | 12,60 | 15,10 | 15,70 | 14,60 | 15,00 | 15,50 | 16,10 | 15,20 | 16,40 | 16,70 | 16,00 | 13,90 | 17,10 | 14,60 | 16,40 | 16,10 | 16,60 | 18,10 | 18,00 | 17,10 | 16,60 | 18,10 | 16,00 | 18,77 | 15,88 | 18,34 |
| многолетние травы посева прошлых лет на зеленый корм | 169,40 | 144,40 | 126,70 | 138,80 | 124,70 | 104,40 | 102,20 | 104,40 | 92,60 | 88,20 | 101,80 | 110,50 | 97,20 | 104,50 | 113,00 | 116,50 | 112,00 | 113,30 | 116,80 | 109,20 | 87,80 | 112,60 | 101,10 | 106,00 | 102,00 | 106,70 | 111,40 | 112,30 | 104,30 | 105,80 | 114,20 | 90,10 | 109,05 | 100,02 | 119,19 |
How to read this table
Table rows are categorized by crop, allowing for comparisons between the total for cereals and legumes and individual types such as wheat and rye. This enables an assessment of which crop yields more per hectare each year. Note the total row, which summarizes indicators for all cereals and legumes
What is visible in these numbers
Top five values: sugar beet (504.1), potatoes (316.5), vegetables grown in open ground (308.4), fodder root crops (including sugar beet) (268.9), annual grasses for green feed (102.8). Gap between highest and lowest — 58.6 times. The top five account for 74.2% of the total across all positions — distribution is heavily skewed toward the top
Observations are annual and cover 35 periods. Cells with numbers: 875 out of 875 (100%) — almost no empty cells remain
More in the section Economic efficiency»
Period and application
Rosstat updates this series annually with new data, ensuring information remains current for specialists. The period from 1990 to 2024 allows for tracking long-term changes in the country's agriculture. Agronomists, specialized economists, and analysts will find the necessary figures here for their production efficiency calculations without the need for additional recalculations
How it is calculated
Table notes: Data exclude statistical information for the Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR), Luhansk People’s Republic (LPR), Zaporozhye and Kherson regions. Up to 2011 — in initially recorded weight; from 2011 — in weight after processing
1) Данные без учета статистической информации по Донецкой Народной Республике (ДНР), Луганской Народной Республике (ЛНР), Запорожской и Херсонской областям.
2)До 2011 года - в первоначально оприходованном весе, с 2011 года - в весе после доработки.
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