Russia's Export and Import by Year: Statistics and Charts
In 2024 Russia exported goods worth 433.9 billion dollars and imported 283.0 billion. The balance is positive, 150.9 billion. For comparison: in 2022 export was 592.5 billion, i.e., over two years it decreased by a quarter. The main change is not in volume but in direction: export to Europe fell from 265.6 to 68.4 billion dollars, while export to Asia grew from 290.4 to 329.2 billion. Data from Rosstat and customs statistics.
Below is a series by year from 2000, the structure of export and import, the reversal of trade flows and interactive charts.
Russia's Export by Year
Billions of US dollars.
| Year | Export |
|---|---|
| 2000 | 103.1 |
| 2005 | 241.5 |
| 2008 | 467.6 |
| 2009 | 301.7 |
| 2013 | 526.0 |
| 2016 | 285.7 |
| 2019 | 424.3 |
| 2020 | 337.3 |
| 2021 | 492.9 |
| 2022 | 592.5 |
| 2023 | 425.1 |
| 2024 | 433.9 |
The series mirrors the movement of global commodity prices, not the physical volumes of shipments. The crashes of 2009, 2015–2016 and 2020 reflect falling oil prices, while the record of 2022 is, on the contrary, a peak in energy prices amid still unadjusted logistics. The full table by year is available on the page Russia's export by year.
What Russia sells
Structure of exports for 2024, billion dollars:
- mineral products (oil, gas, coal, petroleum products): 264.1;
- metals and metal products: 63.7;
- food and agricultural raw materials: 42.6;
- chemical industry products and rubber: 27.6;
- machines, equipment and vehicles: 23.4;
- wood and pulp-paper products: 10.1;
- textiles, textile products and footwear: 2.3.
Mineral products are 61 percent of the total export value. The second‑largest line, metals, is four times smaller than the first. Food overtook chemicals and engineering and became the third export commodity of the country: 42.6 billion dollars, more than machines and equipment, almost twice.
Another detail of the series: food is the only large group that has not lost value since 2022 (41.3 billion in 2022, 42.6 in 2024). Mineral products fell over the same two years from 391.6 to 264.1 billion. Breakdown by commodity groups is updated together with the publication of customs statistics.
What Russia buys
Import for 2024, billion dollars:
- machines, equipment and vehicles: 147.1;
- chemical industry products: 53.5;
- food and agricultural raw materials: 37.7;
- textiles, textile products and footwear: 18.1;
- metals and metal products: 17.9.
Half of imports consist of machines and equipment, and this is the only group that has risen noticeably since 2022: 117.5 billion in 2022 versus 147.1 in 2024, plus a quarter. Textiles increased from 15.8 to 18.1 billion. Total import grew only by 11 percent, from 255.3 to 283.0 billion: almost all of the increase was taken by engineering.
Turn to the East in Numbers
The most noticeable change over the three-year period is seen not in product groups, but in geography.
Export by world regions, billions of dollars:
- Asia: 290.4 in 2022, 306.0 in 2023, 329.2 in 2024;
- Europe: 265.6, 85.9, 68.4;
- Africa: 14.8, 21.2, 24.3;
- America: 20.5, 12.1, 11.9.
Europe lost three quarters of Russian exports in two years, Asia added 13 percent. Asia's share of exports rose from 49 to 76 percent. Africa looks small against this backdrop, but it is growing the fastest in relative terms: plus 64 percent over two years.
The picture with imports is the same, only milder: imports from Asia were 145.2 billion in 2022 and 191.2 in 2024, from Europe 89.5 and 73.1. Europe retained a much larger share of supplies to Russia than of purchases from it.
Questions and Answers
What was Russia's export in 2024?
433.9 billion dollars by customs methodology. By balance-of-payments methodology the figure is close: 433.6 billion. The two methodologies differ in accounting for goods that do not physically cross the border, so a small discrepancy in the data is normal.
What is Russia's trade balance?
Positive: 150.9 billion dollars for 2024 by customs data. In 2022 the balance was twice as large, 337.2 billion, due to high energy prices.
What does Russia export the most?
Mineral products: oil, oil products, gas and coal. They account for 264.1 billion dollars, or 61 percent of export value.
Where does Russian export go?
To Asia (76 percent of value in 2024), then Europe (16 percent), Africa (6 percent) and America (3 percent). Three years ago Europe and Asia were almost equal.
Why are the figures in dollars, not rubles?
Foreign trade statistics worldwide are kept in dollars so that data from different countries are comparable. A side effect: part of the fluctuations in the series is due to exchange rate movements and world prices, not changes in physical trade volumes.
Brief
- Export in 2024: 433.9 billion dollars, import 283.0 billion, balance 150.9 billion.
- Mineral products account for 61 percent of export value.
- Food became the third export commodity of the country and overtook engineering.
- Export to Europe fell over two years from 265.6 to 68.4 billion dollars.
- Asia's share in export rose from 49 to 76 percent.
Data source: Rosstat, section “Foreign trade”, and customs statistics data.