Gross domestic expenditure on research and development in Russia and countries of the world, 2025
The share of gross domestic product represented by gross domestic expenditure on R&D in Russia and foreign countries can be traced from 2010 to 2023. The rows are categorized by country, showing how science funding levels changed for each country individually and how they compare to one another. Values are expressed as a percentage of GDP in an annual series covering 53 items, including Russia, Austria, and Belarus
Chart of the share of gross domestic expenditure on R&D in GDP by country, 2010–2023
- Belgium
- Austria
- Denmark
- Netherlands
- Greece
- Spain
- Russia
- Serbia
- Latvia
- Ukraine
Set in numbers
Rosstat data for 2010–2023. Series: 53, periods: 7. Table rows: Russia; Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bulgaria and others
Belgium: the indicator rose from 2.06 to 3.32 between 2010 and 2023 — by 61.2%. The highest value was 3.41 (2021), the lowest was 2.06 (2010). This is an average annual growth of 3.74%. Up to 2020, the change was +63.6%, after — −1.48%. Out of 25 major series, 19 increased, 6 decreased
All table numbers are series: 53
| Series | 2010 | 2015 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Россия | 1,13 | 1,10 | 1,04 | 1,09 | 0,97 | 0,91 | 0,94 |
| Австрия | 2,74 | 3,07 | 3,14 | 3,21 | 3,26 | 3,18 | 3,29 |
| Беларусь | 0,67 | 0,50 | 0,58 | 0,54 | 0,46 | 0,47 | 0,58 |
| Бельгия | 2,06 | 2,43 | 3,15 | 3,37 | 3,41 | 3,29 | 3,32 |
| Болгария | 0,56 | 0,95 | 0,84 | 0,85 | 0,77 | 0,75 | 0,79 |
| Венгрия | 1,13 | 1,34 | 1,46 | 1,58 | 1,63 | 1,39 | 1,39 |
| Германия | 2,68 | 2,88 | 3,11 | 3,09 | 3,08 | 3,07 | 3,11 |
| Греция | 0,60 | 0,97 | 1,26 | 1,49 | 1,43 | 1,48 | 1,49 |
| Дания | 2,91 | 3,06 | 2,91 | 2,97 | 2,74 | 2,87 | 2,99 |
| Ирландия | 1,59 | 1,14 | 1,14 | 1,12 | 1,07 | 1,53 | 1,58 |
| Испания | 1,35 | 1,21 | 1,24 | 1,40 | 1,40 | 1,41 | 1,49 |
| Италия | 1,21 | 1,33 | 1,46 | 1,50 | 1,41 | 1,37 | 1,31 |
| Латвия | 0,62 | 0,64 | 0,66 | 0,76 | 0,77 | 0,81 | 0,82 |
| Литва | 0,79 | 1,04 | 0,99 | 1,12 | 1,10 | 1,05 | 1,05 |
| Люксембург | 1,42 | 1,25 | 1,18 | 1,10 | 1,04 | 1,05 | 1,03 |
| Нидерланды | 1,69 | 2,12 | 2,14 | 2,27 | 2,22 | 2,18 | 2,23 |
| Норвегия | 1,64 | 1,92 | 2,14 | 2,24 | 1,89 | 1,55 | 1,85 |
| Польша | 0,72 | 1,00 | 1,31 | 1,37 | 1,42 | 1,44 | 1,56 |
| Португалия | 1,53 | 1,25 | 1,39 | 1,61 | 1,67 | 1,69 | 1,69 |
| Республика Молдова | 0,37 | 0,31 | 0,24 | 0,24 | 0,23 | 0,23 | 0,22 |
| Румыния | 0,45 | 0,49 | 0,47 | 0,46 | 0,47 | 0,46 | 0,52 |
| Сербия | 0,70 | 0,81 | 0,89 | 0,91 | 0,99 | 0,97 | 0,95 |
| Словакия | 0,61 | 1,15 | 0,82 | 0,89 | 0,90 | 0,98 | 1,04 |
| Словения | 2,07 | 2,22 | 2,06 | 2,16 | 2,14 | 2,10 | 2,13 |
| Соединенное Королевство (Великобритания) | 1,64 | 2,28 | 2,67 | 2,94 | 2,90 | 2,80 | — |
| Украина | 0,80 | 0,61 | 0,43 | 0,40 | 0,38 | 0,33 | 0,33 |
| Финляндия | 3,71 | 2,89 | 2,82 | 2,93 | 3,01 | 2,98 | 3,09 |
| Франция | 2,18 | 2,22 | 2,20 | 2,27 | 2,21 | 2,22 | 2,19 |
| Чехия | 1,31 | 1,91 | 1,90 | 1,95 | 1,93 | 1,89 | 1,83 |
| Швейцария | — | 3,08 | 3,20 | — | 3,30 | — | — |
| Швеция | 3,19 | 3,24 | 3,40 | 3,50 | 3,42 | 3,47 | 3,60 |
| Эстония | 1,58 | 1,44 | 1,59 | 1,73 | 1,75 | 1,76 | 1,84 |
| Азербайджан | 0,22 | 0,22 | 0,20 | 0,22 | 0,24 | 0,15 | 0,18 |
| Армения | 0,24 | 0,25 | 0,18 | 0,21 | 0,21 | 0,20 | 0,17 |
| Израиль | 3,84 | 4,30 | 5,36 | 5,83 | 5,76 | 6,18 | 6,35 |
| Индия | 0,79 | 0,69 | 0,66 | 0,65 | — | — | — |
| Казахстан | 0,15 | 0,17 | 0,12 | 0,13 | 0,13 | 0,12 | 0,14 |
| Киргизия | 0,16 | 0,12 | 0,08 | 0,08 | 0,07 | 0,07 | 0,06 |
| Китай | 1,68 | 2,02 | 2,20 | 2,36 | 2,38 | 2,49 | 2,58 |
| Республика Корея | 3,18 | 3,79 | 4,36 | 4,52 | 4,60 | 4,85 | 4,96 |
| Сингапур | 1,93 | 2,17 | 1,88 | 2,16 | 1,95 | 1,85 | — |
| Таджикистан | 0,09 | 0,10 | 0,09 | 0,09 | 0,08 | — | — |
| Турция | 0,79 | 0,97 | 1,32 | 1,37 | 1,40 | 1,32 | 1,42 |
| Узбекистан | 0,15 | 0,16 | 0,11 | 0,14 | 0,13 | 0,16 | 0,13 |
| Япония | 3,10 | 3,24 | 3,22 | 3,27 | 3,27 | 3,40 | 3,44 |
| Южно-Африканская Республика | 0,66 | 0,73 | 0,61 | 0,60 | 0,61 | 0,61 | — |
| Аргентина | 0,56 | 0,62 | 0,48 | 0,54 | 0,52 | 0,55 | 0,60 |
| Бразилия | 1,16 | 1,37 | 1,21 | 1,15 | — | — | — |
| Канада | 1,83 | 1,69 | 1,76 | 1,93 | 1,87 | 1,81 | 1,81 |
| Мексика | 0,47 | 0,41 | 0,28 | 0,29 | 0,27 | 0,26 | 0,27 |
| США | 2,71 | 2,77 | 3,14 | 3,42 | 3,47 | 3,49 | 3,45 |
| Австралия | 2,18 | 1,88 | 1,80 | — | 1,66 | — | — |
| Новая Зеландия | — | 1,23 | 1,41 | — | 1,46 | — | — |
How to read this table
Comparing indicators across different nations allows for an assessment of R&D intensity on a global scale. The list includes Russia, CIS countries, and European states, enabling a comparison of R&D budgets relative to each country's economic output. Differences between rows illustrate the gap in science investment between individual countries over the specified period
What is visible in these numbers
The five highest values: Belgium (3.41), Austria (3.29), Germany (3.11), Denmark (3.06), the Netherlands (2.27). The gap between the highest and lowest is 9.22 times. The top five account for 37.4% of the total sum across all positions
Annual observations, with 7 observation periods in the dataset. There are 175 values in the table out of 175 possible, which is 100%; data gaps are virtually absent
The same indicator for other periods
These series cannot be stitched together Over the common period 2010 values diverge — Rosstat recalculated the indicator using a revised methodology. They cannot be combined into a single chart: a break would appear at the junction, which did not actually occur
| Indicator for 2010 | here | in the adjacent series | divergence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Россия | 1,1 | 1,1 | +0,0 |
| Австрия | 2,7 | 2,7 | −0,0 |
| Беларусь | 0,7 | 0,7 | +0,0 |
| Бельгия | 2,1 | 2,1 | +0,0 |
| Болгария | 0,6 | 0,6 | +0,0 |
| Венгрия | 1,1 | 1,1 | +0,0 |
| Германия | 2,7 | 2,7 | +0,0 |
| Греция | 0,6 | 0,6 | +0,0 |
| Дания | 2,9 | 2,9 | +0,0 |
| Ирландия | 1,6 | 1,6 | +0,0 |
| Испания | 1,4 | 1,4 | +0,0 |
| Италия | 1,2 | 1,2 | +0,0 |
More in the section Russia and countries of the world»
Period and application
The statistics cover the period from 2010 to 2023 and are published annually. Data expressed as a percentage of GDP is useful for economists, researchers, and specialists studying the level of technological development across different regions of the world. This information is relevant for analyzing investment policies in the scientific sector
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