Number of personnel engaged in research and development, 2010–2023
thousands
Between 2010 and 2023, the size of the scientific workforce varied across different countries. The list contains 51 values, with rows corresponding to individual countries, including Russia, Austria, and Belarus. The indicator is measured in thousands of people and provides an overview of the scale of research and development employment at the international level
- Russia
- Germany
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- Poland
- Netherlands
- Belgium
Chart of the number of research and development personnel by country, 2010–2023, in thousands
Who grew, who fell: 2010 → 2023
Set in numbers
Rosstat data for 2010–2023. Series: 51, periods: 7. Unit of measurement — thousand. Table rows: Russia; Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bulgaria; and others
Russia: the indicator fell from 840 to 733.4 over 2010–2023 — by 12.7%. The highest value was 840 (2010), the lowest was 729.4 (2021). This is an average annual decline of 1.04%. Up to 2020 the change was −10.9%, after — −2.04%. Of the 25 largest series, 22 increased and 3 decreased
All table numbers are series: 51
| Series | 2010 | 2015 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Россия | 840,00 | 833,70 | 753,80 | 748,70 | 729,40 | 736,70 | 733,40 |
| Австрия | 59,90 | 71,40 | 83,70 | 82,10 | 87,50 | 92,30 | 98,50 |
| Беларусь | 31,70 | 26,20 | 27,70 | 25,60 | 25,60 | 25,20 | 26,70 |
| Бельгия | 60,10 | 77,50 | 93,50 | 96,00 | 119,20 | 125,50 | 130,10 |
| Болгария | 16,60 | 22,50 | 26,40 | 26,10 | 25,10 | 27,10 | 25,40 |
| Венгрия | 31,50 | 36,80 | 56,90 | 59,60 | 61,10 | 62,70 | 59,70 |
| Германия | 548,70 | 640,50 | 735,60 | 733,80 | 753,90 | 785,40 | 817,40 |
| Греция | — | 49,70 | 53,90 | 58,10 | 61,70 | 69,30 | 73,30 |
| Дания | 56,60 | 60,20 | 62,20 | 62,00 | 62,20 | 70,70 | 71,70 |
| Ирландия | 19,70 | 34,30 | 32,90 | 34,50 | 38,40 | 40,40 | 39,30 |
| Испания | 222,00 | 200,90 | 231,40 | 231,80 | 249,50 | 263,40 | 282,40 |
| Италия | 225,60 | 259,20 | 355,90 | 342,30 | 333,10 | 338,10 | 333,10 |
| Латвия | 5,60 | 5,60 | 5,90 | 6,60 | 7,10 | 6,90 | 6,50 |
| Литва | 12,30 | 10,60 | 13,00 | 14,20 | 14,90 | 15,70 | 14,40 |
| Люксембург | 5,00 | 5,30 | 5,80 | 5,80 | 5,70 | 6,20 | 6,20 |
| Нидерланды | 100,50 | 139,40 | 160,40 | 166,40 | 173,70 | 183,50 | 192,90 |
| Норвегия | 36,10 | 42,40 | 48,70 | 48,90 | 51,90 | 53,60 | 54,70 |
| Польша | 81,80 | 109,20 | 164,00 | 173,40 | 185,30 | 195,10 | 199,90 |
| Португалия | 47,60 | 48,00 | 61,50 | 66,00 | 69,80 | 74,10 | 79,60 |
| Республика Молдова | 4,30 | 4,20 | 3,00 | 3,20 | 4,20 | 3,90 | 3,50 |
| Румыния | 26,20 | 31,30 | 31,70 | 33,20 | 34,30 | 35,60 | 35,30 |
| Сербия | 17,30 | 21,60 | 20,50 | 21,10 | 21,40 | 22,50 | 24,50 |
| Словакия | 18,20 | 17,60 | 21,20 | 22,40 | 22,40 | 23,30 | 24,30 |
| Словения | 12,90 | 14,20 | 17,00 | 16,80 | 17,40 | 17,40 | 17,90 |
| Соединенное Королевство (Великобритания) | 350,80 | 414,50 | 486,10 | — | — | — | — |
| Украина | 116,30 | 81,90 | 58,60 | 58,50 | — | — | — |
| Финляндия | 55,90 | 50,40 | 51,50 | 53,50 | 56,50 | 57,00 | 59,70 |
| Франция | 397,80 | 426,40 | 461,90 | 474,20 | 496,30 | 501,40 | 505,40 |
| Чехия | 52,30 | 66,40 | 79,20 | 81,00 | 84,70 | 86,10 | 85,50 |
| Швейцария | — | 81,50 | 86,20 | — | 90,80 | — | — |
| Швеция | 77,40 | 83,60 | 92,20 | 95,50 | 115,90 | 121,60 | 123,30 |
| Эстония | 5,30 | 5,60 | 6,40 | 6,40 | 6,80 | 8,10 | 8,70 |
| Азербайджан | 17,90 | 23,10 | 20,80 | 20,50 | 19,80 | 19,90 | 19,50 |
| Армения | 6,60 | 5,00 | 4,50 | 4,50 | 4,90 | 4,90 | 4,90 |
| Индия | 441,10 | 528,20 | — | 555,00 | — | — | — |
| Казахстан | 17,00 | 24,70 | 21,80 | 22,70 | 21,60 | 22,50 | 25,50 |
| Киргизия | 3,10 | 4,60 | 3,80 | 3,90 | 3,80 | 3,70 | 3,90 |
| Китай | 2 553,80 | 3 758,80 | 4 800,80 | 5 234,50 | 5 716,30 | 6 353,60 | 7 240,60 |
| Республика Корея | 335,20 | 442,00 | 525,70 | 545,40 | 577,10 | 602,20 | 610,80 |
| Сингапур | 37,00 | 45,50 | 48,70 | 49,40 | 51,70 | 56,10 | — |
| Таджикистан | 5,80 | 3,70 | 4,50 | 4,30 | 4,40 | 4,50 | 7,30 |
| Турция | 81,80 | 116,90 | 195,00 | 218,10 | 243,90 | 272,60 | 290,90 |
| Узбекистан | 21,60 | 20,50 | 10,00 | 10,90 | 14,10 | 14,40 | 11,30 |
| Япония | 877,90 | 875,00 | 903,40 | 911,60 | 942,00 | 940,10 | 927,40 |
| Южно-Африканская Республика | 29,50 | 41,10 | 41,90 | 42,90 | 44,40 | 44,40 | — |
| Аргентина | 65,30 | 78,70 | 86,10 | 86,60 | 87,90 | 90,40 | 92,70 |
| Бразилия | 243,60 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Канада | 233,10 | 244,60 | 256,10 | 273,50 | 293,60 | 303,60 | — |
| Мексика | 71,00 | 57,00 | 66,90 | 70,00 | — | — | — |
| США | — | — | — | 2 445,60 | 2 646,50 | 2 726,60 | — |
| Новая Зеландия | — | 33,00 | 39,00 | — | 39,00 | — | — |
How to read this table
Scientific potential across different countries can be compared by examining the rows. The table shows how the number of scientific personnel in Russia, which was 840 thousand in 2010, compares to other countries in the list. The row variations allow for an assessment of the proportion of science specialists relative to the scale of each country's economy
What is visible in these numbers
The five highest values: Russia (840), Germany (817.4), France (505.4), Italy (355.9), Spain (282.4). The gap between the highest and lowest is 195.3 times. The top five account for 70.3% of the total across all entries — the distribution is heavily skewed toward the top
Observations are annual and cover 7 periods. There are 175 cells with numbers out of 175 (100%), meaning the table is almost entirely filled
The same indicator for other periods
These series cannot be stitched together Over the common period 2010 values diverge — Rosstat recalculated the indicator using a revised methodology. They cannot be combined into a single chart: a break would appear at the junction, which did not actually occur
| Indicator for 2010 | here | in the adjacent series | divergence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Россия | 840,0 | 840,0 | +0,0 |
| Австрия | 59,9 | 59,9 | +0,0 |
| Беларусь | 31,7 | 31,7 | +0,0 |
| Бельгия | 60,1 | 60,1 | +0,0 |
| Болгария | 16,6 | 16,6 | +0,0 |
| Венгрия | 31,5 | 31,5 | +0,0 |
| Германия | 548,7 | 548,7 | +0,0 |
| Дания | 56,6 | 56,6 | +0,0 |
| Ирландия | 19,7 | 19,7 | +0,0 |
| Испания | 222,0 | 222,0 | +0,0 |
| Италия | 225,6 | 225,6 | +0,0 |
| Латвия | 5,6 | 5,6 | +0,0 |
More in the section Russia and countries of the world»
Period and application
The data covers the period from 2010 to 2023 and is presented annually within the section on Russia and the world. This information is useful for economists, demographers, and specialists analyzing human resources for scientific and technological progress
How it is calculated
Rosstat notes: For CIS countries (except Russia, as well as the Republic of Moldova, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine for 2010 and 2015), staff numbers are given in physical persons (thousand people). Data for Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan for 2019–2023, and …
1) По странам СНГ (кроме России, а также Республики Молдова, Узбекистана и Украины за 2010 и 2015 гг.) численность персонала указана в физических лицах (тыс. человек). Данные по Киргизии и Узбекистану за 2019–2023 гг., а также Республике Молдова и Украине за 2019–2020 гг. в численность персонала включают исследователей и техников. По остальным странам – в эквиваленте полной занятости (тыс. человеко-лет).
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