Structure of employment in the informal sector by level of education and employment status
in percentage
In 2023, the share of people with various education levels in informal employment was distributed across several categories. Rows classify employed persons into all, independent, and dependent workers, while columns list education groups, ranging from higher education to no basic general education. Shares are expressed in percent and sum to 100 percent for each status, showing which education levels prevail among different categories of informal sector employment
Structure of informal sector employment by education and status in 2023, in percent
Set in numbers
Rosstat data. Rows: 9, indicators: 7. Unit of measurement — in percent. Breakdown by positions: Employed – total; Employed — independent workers; Employed — dependent workers; Employed — Men – total; Men — independent workers and others
Highest values: Employed – total (100), Employed — independent workers (100), Employed — dependent workers (100)
All table numbers are series: 9
| Series | Всего | в том числе имеют образование — высшее | в том числе имеют образование — среднее профессиональное | в том числе имеют образование | в том числе имеют образование — среднее общее | в том числе имеют образование — основное общее | в том числе имеют образование — не имеют основного общего |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Занятые – всего | 100,00 | 19,10 | 23,90 | 23,60 | 25,00 | 8,00 | 0,40 |
| Занятые — независимые работники | 100,00 | 24,90 | 23,60 | 20,00 | 23,70 | 7,30 | 0,50 |
| Занятые — зависимые работники | 100,00 | 16,20 | 24,10 | 25,40 | 25,70 | 8,30 | 0,30 |
| Занятые — Мужчины – всего | 100,00 | 16,70 | 21,40 | 25,10 | 26,80 | 9,60 | 0,50 |
| Мужчины — независимые работники | 100,00 | 23,50 | 21,90 | 21,00 | 25,20 | 7,90 | 0,60 |
| Мужчины — зависимые работники | 100,00 | 13,00 | 21,10 | 27,30 | 27,70 | 10,50 | 0,40 |
| Мужчины — Женщины – всего | 100,00 | 22,00 | 27,00 | 21,80 | 22,90 | 6,10 | 0,20 |
| Женщины — независимые работники | 100,00 | 26,70 | 25,90 | 18,80 | 21,70 | 6,50 | 0,40 |
| Женщины — зависимые работники | 100,00 | 19,80 | 27,50 | 23,20 | 23,50 | 5,90 | 0,20 |
How to read this table
Row differences allow for comparison between independent self-employed and dependent wage earners within the informal economy. Comparing these to the total figure reveals which group is more likely to work without official registration at a given education level. The columns illustrate the extent to which education level influences employment type and worker status in the shadow segment of the labor market
What is visible in these numbers
Set indicators: Total; including those with education — higher; including those with education — secondary vocational; including those with education; including those with education — secondary general; including those with education — basic general; including those with education — without basic general
There are 63 values in the table out of 63 possible, which is 100% — almost no empty cells remain
More in the section Labour force, employment and unemployment»
Period and application
2023 data are based on the results of sample labor force surveys conducted regularly by Rosstat. These indicators are useful for in-depth analysis of the shadow economy, studying human capital quality, and planning support measures for various population groups. Regular data updates help track changes in employment structure, which is essential for understanding current labor market conditions and developing effective socio-economic strategies in the regions
How it is calculated
As noted in the source: Based on the classification of status in employment by type of authority (MKSZ-18V), implemented since 2022. Including primary vocational education
1) На основе классификации статуса в занятости в соответствии с типом властных полномочий (МКСЗ-18В), внедренной с 2022 г.
2) Включая начальное профессиональное образование.
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