Number of employed in the informal sector by education
In 2023, the informal sector covered a significant portion of the labor force, showing the distribution of employed persons by education level and employment type. The table rows divide all participants into three groups: total number, independent workers, and dependent workers. This enables comparison of how primary employment status and educational credentials influence involvement in shadow employment. Data are derived from nationwide labor force sample surveys
Chart of the number of persons employed in the informal sector by education level and employment status, 2023, thousand people
Set in numbers
Rosstat data. Rows: 9, indicators: 7. Table rows: Employed – total; Employed — independent workers; Employed — dependent workers; Employed — Men – total; Men — independent workers and others
Highest values: Employed – total (13 444), Employed — dependent workers (8 932), Employed — Men – total (7 330). The gap between the highest and lowest is 6.87 times
All table numbers are series: 9
| Series | Всего, тыс. человек | в том числе имеют образование — высшее | в том числе имеют образование — среднее профессиональное | в том числе имеют образование | в том числе имеют образование — среднее общее | в том числе имеют образование — основное общее | в том числе имеют образование — не имеют основного общего |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Занятые – всего | 13 444,00 | 2 566,00 | 3 215,00 | 3 172,00 | 3 367,00 | 1 072,00 | 52,00 |
| Занятые — независимые работники | 4 512,00 | 1 122,00 | 1 065,00 | 903,00 | 1 069,00 | 329,00 | 24,00 |
| Занятые — зависимые работники | 8 932,00 | 1 445,00 | 2 150,00 | 2 269,00 | 2 298,00 | 743,00 | 27,00 |
| Занятые — Мужчины – всего | 7 330,00 | 1 221,00 | 1 567,00 | 1 840,00 | 1 964,00 | 701,00 | 37,00 |
| Мужчины — независимые работники | 2 554,00 | 599,00 | 558,00 | 536,00 | 643,00 | 201,00 | 17,00 |
| Мужчины — зависимые работники | 4 776,00 | 622,00 | 1 009,00 | 1 304,00 | 1 321,00 | 499,00 | 21,00 |
| Мужчины — Женщины – всего | 6 114,00 | 1 345,00 | 1 648,00 | 1 332,00 | 1 403,00 | 371,00 | 15,00 |
| Женщины — независимые работники | 1 958,00 | 522,00 | 507,00 | 368,00 | 426,00 | 127,00 | 8,00 |
| Женщины — зависимые работники | 4 157,00 | 823,00 | 1 141,00 | 965,00 | 977,00 | 244,00 | 7,00 |
How to read this table
Row differences allow for an assessment of the informal employment structure, comparing the share of unregistered self-employed (independent workers) with those working for an employer without a contract (dependent workers). Comparing these categories helps identify population groups with higher rates of hidden employment. The total across all categories is 13444 thousand people, with 52 thousand people recorded among those without basic general education
What is visible in these numbers
Table columns: Total, thousand people; including those with education — higher; including those with education — secondary vocational; including those with education; including those with education — secondary general; including those with education — basic general; including those with education — without basic general
Cells with numbers 63 out of 63 (100%) — there are practically no missing values
More in the section Labour force, employment and unemployment»
Period and application
The indicators are for 2023 and reflect the current labor market situation by educational attainment. This data is useful for analyzing labor quality, assessing the effectiveness of state oversight, and studying the shadow economy. Information is updated through regular Rosstat surveys
How it is calculated
Source notes: Based on the classification of status in employment according to the type of authority (ICSE-18R), implemented since 2022. Including primary vocational education
1) На основе классификации статуса в занятости в соответствии с типом властных полномочий (МКСЗ-18В), внедренной с 2022 г.
2) Включая начальное профессиональное образование.
Did you notice an error in this table? The parser is wrong, and most often one correction fixes many pages
Report an error Typo is easier this way: highlight it and press Ctrl + Enter