GRP of Russian regions: who has a larger economy and why it should be per capita
The largest economy among Russian regions is Moscow: its gross regional product (GRP) in 2024 amounted to 41.0 trillion rubles, which is 22% of the total for all regions. It is followed by Saint Petersburg (12.9 trillion) and Moscow Oblast (10.9 trillion). The total GRP of the 85 subjects for which Rosstat calculates figures in 2024 was 186.5 trillion rubles. Below is a ranking of the largest regions, economic growth since 2019, distribution by federal districts, and an explanation of why the total GRP is a poor measure for comparing regions with each other, while GRP per capita is a better one. All figures are available on interactive charts.
What is GRP
Gross regional product shows how much value was created in a region over a year: everything produced by enterprises, organisations and residents there, minus raw materials, inputs and services purchased elsewhere. It is the same as GDP, but calculated for a single region.
There is one difference that makes the sum of GRP not match the country's GDP. Rosstat calculates GRP at basic prices, without product taxes. GDP at market prices includes these taxes. Therefore, in 2024 Russia's GDP was 202.3 trillion rubles, while the sum of regional GRP was 186.5 trillion.
The second useful point: the value is recorded in the region where the enterprise works and is registered, not where its owners live. This creates the main distortions in the ranking, described below.
Regional ranking by GRP in 2024
The ten largest economies:
| Rank | Region | GRP, trillion rub. | Share of total Russia |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Moscow | 41.00 | 22.0% |
| 2 | Saint Petersburg | 12.95 | 6.9% |
| 3 | Moscow region | 10.88 | 5.8% |
| 4 | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | 9.93 | 5.3% |
| 5 | Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 6.34 | 3.4% |
| 6 | Tatarstan | 5.46 | 2.9% |
| 7 | Krasnodar Krai | 5.38 | 2.9% |
| 8 | Sverdlovsk Oblast | 4.75 | 2.5% |
| 9 | Krasnoyarsk Krai | 4.33 | 2.3% |
| 10 | Samara Oblast | 3.32 | 1.8% |
The first eight regions on the list provide more than half of the country's total GRP, 51.8%. Moscow, Saint Petersburg and the Moscow region together provide 34.8%.
At the other end of the list is Ingushetia: 108.6 billion rubles, about 0.1% of the total. Moscow's economy is 378 times larger. To match one Moscow, you would have to combine the 58 smallest regional economies.
Open GRP of all regions for 2019–2024 →
How Moscow's share changed
In 1998, Moscow accounted for 14.6% of total GRP. By 2008 its share had risen to 24.3%, the highest in the whole long series. After the 2008–2009 crisis the share retreated and stayed around 21–22%, and in 2015 fell to 20.6%.
According to the new Rosstat series, Moscow's share was 22.2% in 2019, 23.1% in 2020, and 22.0% in 2024. So, over a little more than ten years the capital neither increased nor lost its place in the country's economy.
Saint Petersburg's story is different. From 1998 to 2014 its share hardly changed, 3.3–4.6%. In 2021 the city's GRP jumped in one year from 5.5 to 9.6 trillion rubles, and its share rose from 5.6% to 7.6%. This illustrates the rule "value is recorded at the place of registration": large companies that move their headquarters also move part of the GRP with them.
Share of each region in GRP from 1998 to 2015 → · regional shares in 2019–2024 →
GRP by federal districts
The Central district provides more than a third of the country's GRP, largely thanks to Moscow and the surrounding region. The second place goes to the Ural district, even though far fewer people live there than in the Volga district: its weight is held by the oil‑gas Khanty‑Mansi and Yamalo‑Nenets districts.
| Federal district | Share of GRP in 2024 |
|---|---|
| Central | 35.4% |
| Ural | 14.2% |
| Volga | 14.1% |
| Northwestern | 12.0% |
| Siberian | 8.8% |
| Southern | 6.9% |
| Far Eastern | 6.3% |
| North Caucasus | 2.3% |
Where the economy grew fastest
In rubles, the GRP of almost all regions roughly doubled over five years, but this is mainly due to prices. The real picture is shown by the physical volume index, i.e., growth in constant prices. Multiplying the annual indices for 2020–2024, the total GRP in 2024 turned out to be 16.1% higher than in 2019.
Leaders in real growth over these five years:
- Kalmykia: +56.6%;
- Chechnya: +54.8%;
- Amur Oblast: +47.7%;
- Kabardino-Balkaria: +30.7%;
- Adygea: +30.5%;
- Moscow: +30.3%.
The first two have a small starting base, so one large project gives a noticeable percentage. Moscow stands out in this list: given its size it added almost twice as much as the country on average.
GRP fell over the same five years in nine regions. The biggest declines were in Murmansk Oblast (−6.1%), Karelia (−4.8%), Komi and Sakhalin Oblast (both −4.4%), and Krasnoyarsk Krai (−2.1%). Slightly below the 2019 level remained Arkhangelsk Oblast without the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Kemerovo Oblast, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Nenets Autonomous Okrug. All nine are located in the North, Siberia or the Far East, and almost all economies rely on raw materials.
In a single year 2024, the fastest growers were Chechnya (+22.6%), Kalmykia (+18.6%) and Leningrad Oblast (+12.4%). The GRP of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug fell by 1.8% for the year.
Physical volume indices of GRP for all regions →
Why GRP per capita is fairer than the total amount
The total GRP answers the question of which region provides more value. But a large region has many people, and its economy is big simply because of that. Comparing Moscow with Ingushetia by total amount is like comparing a factory's wage fund with a kiosk's.
It is clearly seen with the pair Tatarstan and Krasnodar Krai. By total GRP in 2024 they are almost equal: 5.46 and 5.38 trillion rubles. And per resident in Tatarstan there are 1,361,839 rubles, in Krasnodar Krai 922,283. The population of Kuban is larger, and the same amount is divided among more people.
The gap between Moscow and Ingushetia by total amount, 378 times, shrinks to 15 times per capita: 3,103,504 rubles versus 204,566.
But GRP per capita should not be read as residents' income. Rosstat breaks down GRP into wages, taxes and profit. In 2019 (the latest year for which such a breakdown is available on the site) wages of hired workers across regions accounted for 36.4% of GRP. In the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug only 19.1%, in Khanty-Mansi 21.3%, in Nenets 12.4%. The rest consists of profits of extractive companies, and they reside in company accounts, not with the region's inhabitants. In Ingushetia wages accounted for 46.5% of GRP, in St. Petersburg 43.8%.
A full ranking by GRP per capita, from northern okrugs to the Caucasus republics, is discussed in the article "GDP per capita of Russia".
Regional ranking by GRP per capita → · What makes up regional GRP: wages, taxes, profit →
Frequently Asked Questions
Which region of Russia is the richest by GRP?
By total, Moscow: 41.0 trillion rubles in 2024. By GRP per capita, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is first, 14.25 million rubles per person, but almost all of this is profit from oil companies.
How does GRP differ from GDP?
GRP is calculated for a region in basic prices, without product taxes. GDP is calculated for the whole country in market prices. Therefore, Russia's GDP for 2024, 202.3 trillion rubles, is larger than the total GRP of the regions, 186.5 trillion.
What is Moscow's GRP?
41,003,636 million rubles in 2024, or 3,103,504 rubles per resident. GRP per capita in Moscow by year →
Are the DPR, LPR, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions taken into account?
No. In the GRP tables for 2019–2024 there is no row for them; the calculation is carried out for 85 subjects.
Which year has the most recent data?
2024: this is the latest year in Rosstat tables available on the website.
In Brief
- The total GRP of Russia's regions in 2024: 186.5 trillion rubles, real terms 16.1% higher than in 2019.
- Moscow contributes 22.0% of the total, more than the 58 smallest regions combined. The eight largest regions provide more than half of the GRP.
- The fastest growth over five years was seen in Kalmykia, Chechnya and Amur Oblast, while Murmansk Oblast, Karelia, Komi and Sakhalin fell the most.
- For comparing regions with each other, GRP per capita is more suitable. It should not be confused with people's incomes: in oil‑gas districts less than a quarter of GRP goes to wages.